Risk Assessment of Giardia in Rivers of Southern China Based on Continuous Monitoring

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination attracted a wide spread attention due to their strong toxicity and persistence. The Ganxi River, located in Chenzhou City, Southern China, has been severely polluted by lead/zinc ore mining activities. This work investigated the heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils around the Ganxi River. The total concentrations of heavy metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The potential risk associated with the heavy metals in soil was assessed by Nemerow comprehensive index and potential ecological risk index. In both methods, the study area was rated as very high risk. Multivariate statistical methods including Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were employed to evaluate the relationships between heavy metals, as well as the correlation between heavy metals and pH, to identify the metal sources. Three distinct clusters have been observed by hierarchical cluster analysis. In principal component analysis, a total of two components were extracted to explain over 90 % of the total variance, both of which were associated with anthropogenic sources.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China—Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2013ZX07504-001) and Special Fund for Scientific Research (Environmental Protection) in the Public Interest of China (No. 201309052).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

   Li Ma, Jing Sun, Zhaoguang Yang & Lin Wang

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lin Wang.

Additional information

Highlights

Mining activities were predominantly responsible for heavy metal enrichment around the Ganxi River.

The anthropogenic sources of As were more complicated than other elements.

Pb and Zn derived from waste minerals and tailings of lead/zinc ores showed significant correlations.

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Ma, L., Sun, J., Yang, Z. et al. Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils affected by mining activities around the Ganxi River in Chenzhou, Southern China. Environ Monit Assess 187, 731 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4966-8

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• Received: 25 June 2015

• Accepted: 03 November 2015

• Published: 07 November 2015

• DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4966-8

Keywords

• Agricultural soil
• Heavy metals
• Risk assessment
• Multivariate analysis

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